working polls app with function-based non-generic views

apps/polls/views.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+from django.db.models import F
+from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
+from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
+from django.urls import reverse
+
+from .models import Choice, Question
+
+
+def index(request):
+    latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by("-pub_date")[:5]
+    context = {"latest_question_list": latest_question_list}
+    return render(request, "polls/index.html", context)
+
+
+def detail(request, question_id):
+    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
+    return render(request, "polls/detail.html", {"question": question})
+
+
+def results(request, question_id):
+    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
+    return render(request, "polls/results.html", {"question": question})
+
+
+def vote(request, question_id):
+    question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
+    try:
+        selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST["choice"])
+    except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
+        # Redisplay the question voting form.
+        return render(
+            request,
+            "polls/detail.html",
+            {
+                "question": question,
+                "error_message": "You didn't select a choice.",
+            },
+        )
+    else:
+        selected_choice.votes = F("votes") + 1
+        selected_choice.save()
+        # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
+        # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
+        # user hits the Back button.
+        return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("polls:results", args=(question.id,)))